Stress is a common thing now days because every person is running behind money and career.
It is an old observation that stress or tension by itself can produce different diseases in man. People are known to have gone mad in a situation of extreme mental stress. They are also known to have died suddenly, obviously because of a heart attack. Yet it is not very long ago that the scientific proof of how it happens became known.
As per the experiments when an animal was put under stress, its body responded immediately to it by making certain changes in its activities. When the stress was continued these changes became a regular feature. And if the animal remained under stress for a prolonged time, these changes exhausted the body and ultimately caused its death.
Our body responds stress through its nervous system. It produces different hormones in order to face the stressful situation. When we are under stress, it is the sympathetic nerves that take over. The sympathetic nerves release a chemical substance called adrenaline at their nerve ends in different organs. The effect of adrenaline is to prepare the body to fight stress.
Diseases of Stress
Stress can disrupt the normal working of the body in two ways: (1) by being beyond our power of adaptability, or (2) by causing disease because there is a particular weakness in the structure of our body. Think of a chain placed under tension – that is, physical stress. No matter what pulls on the chain and no matter in which direction, the result is the same. Just as in the chain the weakest link is most likely to break down, so in the human body there is always one organ or system, which owing to heredity or external influences is the weakest and most likely to break down under general biological stress. In some people the heart, in others the nervous system or the gastrointestinal tract, may represent this weakest link. That is why people develop different types of diseases under the influence of the same kind of stress. This is also why, strictly speaking, the pure stage of exhaustion is never reached. Before all adaptation energy is depleted, the weakest link breaks down; causing an immediate general collapse.
Now day’s yoga, pranayama, and relaxation therapies are more popular which gives the person relief from the stress. But it should be the daily activities otherwise again stress will cause damage more than before. These therapies are accepted world wide even big companies are also organized campaigns for their employees.
Saturday, April 26, 2008
INTELLIGENCE:
As commonly used, intelligence refers of the level of intellectual functioning and capacity of an individual – the ability to learn or understand.
Recently some experts have suggested that intelligence is not a single phenomenon, but that there exist “multiple intelligences” – a number of discrete “intelligences” – and that an individual will possess a unique pattern of strengths and abilities across this range of intellectual functions.
In the context of a learning disability, the concept of intelligence is important for two reasons. First, there can often be significant discrepancies between intellectual ability and academic performance. Second, learning disabilities have often been misunderstood as a sign of lower intelligence despite extensive research and the achievement of many notable individuals with leaning disabilities, such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Nelson Rockefeller.
Intelligence is measured by intelligence tests, which provide an intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure of intellectual development that is the ratio of a child’s mental age to his chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Recently some experts have suggested that intelligence is not a single phenomenon, but that there exist “multiple intelligences” – a number of discrete “intelligences” – and that an individual will possess a unique pattern of strengths and abilities across this range of intellectual functions.
In the context of a learning disability, the concept of intelligence is important for two reasons. First, there can often be significant discrepancies between intellectual ability and academic performance. Second, learning disabilities have often been misunderstood as a sign of lower intelligence despite extensive research and the achievement of many notable individuals with leaning disabilities, such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Nelson Rockefeller.
Intelligence is measured by intelligence tests, which provide an intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure of intellectual development that is the ratio of a child’s mental age to his chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Childhood Training
Learning to use the toilet presents the first great potential conflict between mother and child. Some mental health professionals connect toilet training that is too early or too harsh with later behavior that is obedient but resentful. On the other hand, a child whose toilet training was delayed may develop a self-indulgent, narcissistic personality. A strong atmosphere of conflict surrounding toilet training may cause feelings of guilt, self-doubt and rage.
Modern child development professionals say that toilet training can best accomplished when a child is ready for it and has some sense of assuming responsibility for the functions of his own body that will make him like the adult world. Parents are usually most successful in presenting toilet training as an interesting idea and avoiding an authoritarian manner. One difficulty that must be surmounted in toilet training is that small children have little or no ability to connect the bodily sensation from the bladder or the intestines with the necessity of heading for the bathroom. Some awareness of the function does begin to develop between the 12th and 18th month, but usually at this point the child exhibits some interest but does not anticipate. Even children who are trained have so little ability to anticipate that their need to use the toilet is usually instantaneous. Once children are partly trained, parents can begin to rely on the child’s own resistance to soiling himself rather than constantly reminding him, which may actually delay the time when he is fully trained.
Modern child development professionals say that toilet training can best accomplished when a child is ready for it and has some sense of assuming responsibility for the functions of his own body that will make him like the adult world. Parents are usually most successful in presenting toilet training as an interesting idea and avoiding an authoritarian manner. One difficulty that must be surmounted in toilet training is that small children have little or no ability to connect the bodily sensation from the bladder or the intestines with the necessity of heading for the bathroom. Some awareness of the function does begin to develop between the 12th and 18th month, but usually at this point the child exhibits some interest but does not anticipate. Even children who are trained have so little ability to anticipate that their need to use the toilet is usually instantaneous. Once children are partly trained, parents can begin to rely on the child’s own resistance to soiling himself rather than constantly reminding him, which may actually delay the time when he is fully trained.
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